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Gómez González de Manzanedo (c. 1130-12 de octubre de 1182)[1] fue un ricohombre castellano nieto del conde Gómez González el de Candespina y descendiente de los condes de Castilla. Alférez y después mayordomo del rey Sancho III, conde por Alfonso VIII, también mayordomo mayor de Fernando II de León, y gobernador de varias tenencias, es el genearca de dos de los linajes más importantes de la Edad Media: los Manrique y los Manzanedo.
Su abuelo, el conde Gómez González, tuvo tres hijos varones; uno llamado Diego que no tuvo descendencia, Rodrigo Gómez, padre del conde Gonzalo Rodríguez de Bureba, y Gonzalo Gómez. Este último es el que varios historiadores y genealogistas modernos consideran como el padre de Gómez González de Manzanedo.[2] [3] Aunque otros medievalistas opinaban que fue hijo de Gonzalo Rodríguez de Bureba, en realidad, su primo hermano, esta filiación es imposible ya que ambos eran contemporáneos y Gómez era solamente diez años más joven que Gonzalo.[a] Tuvo probablemente dos hermanos, Pedro González, llamado de Villaescusa, y Rodrigo González de Cevallos, que también fue alférez real entre 1160 y 1171.[4] [5]
Matrimonio y descendencia
Del matrimonio del conde Gómez con Milia Pérez de Lara vienen los Manrique y los Villalobos. Su esposa fue Milia Pérez de Lara, hija de Pedro González de Lara y la condesa Ava. Luis de Salazar y Castro y otros genealogistas la consideraban hija del conde Manrique Pérez de Lara, de quien en realidad era hermana. El historiador Gonzalo Martínez Díez ha podido esclarecer la verdadera filiación de Milia basándose en la documentación medieval y sus conclusiones han sido aceptadas por la mayoría de los historiadores y genealogistas modernos.[1] [10] [11]
Así, según Martínez Díez, el linaje de los Manrique no viene de Rodrigo Pérez de Lara o de Molina, hijo de Pedro Manrique de Lara, quien pasó la mayor parte de su vida en Narbona donde aparece en la documentación hasta 1208 y no participó en los acontecimientos de los reinos de la Península Ibérica. La genealogía tradicional, aceptada por genealogistas como Luis de Salazar y Castro, era la propuesta por Fernán Pérez de Guzmán para quien «Este linage de los Manrique es uno de los mayores e más antiguos de Castilla (...) vienen del conde Manrique, hijo de Pedro de Lara».[12] La confusión se debe a la existencia de dos homónimos: Rodrigo Pérez de Molina mencionado anteriormente, y otro Rodrigo, hijo de Manrique Gómez de Manzanedo y nieto de los condes Gómez y Milia Pérez de Lara.
Los condes Gómez y Milia fueron padres de seis hijos, todos documentados:[13]
Gil Gómez (m. c. 1197) fue tenente en Aguilar, Asturias de Santillana, y en Castilla la Vieja. No se sabe con quien se casó, pero tuvo un hijo llamado Pedro Gil.[1] [14]
Jimena Gómez de Manzanedo,[14] la primera esposa de Pedro Fernández de Castro "el Castellano".
Inés Gómez de Manzanedo (m. después de 1208), casada con Fernando Ruiz Duc.[14] [b]
Diego Gómez de Manzanedo. Tuvo un hijo llamado Ruy Díaz de la Vega.
Manrique Gómez de Manzanedo (m. antes de 1204).[15] Contrajo matrimonio antes de 1192 con Toda Vélaz con quien tuvo a: Gómez Manrique, maestre de la Orden de Calatrava; Rodrigo Manrique de Lara, primer señor de Amusco[15] [16] ; Gil Manrique, esposo de Teresa Fernández de Villalobos, de quien vienen los Villalobo;[17] y María Manrique.
Pedro Gómez de Manzanedo.
Luis de Salazar y Castro erróneamente añade a otra hija llamada Milia o Mayor quien en realidad fue hermana del conde Manrique, hija de Pedro González de Lara.[33] [34] La filiación de Milia queda aclarada en un documento en la Catedral de Burgos datado el 31 de enero de 1147 donde aparece con sus verdaderos hermanos: Ego, comes Malricus, una cum fratibus et sororibus nostris Albar Petriz et Nun Petriz, comitissa domna Elvira, Mari Petriz, Milia Petriz concedimus et confirmamus. [35] Milia, fallecida el 6 de diciembre de 1186, según el obituario de la catedral de Burgos, fue la esposa del conde Gómez González de Manzanedo.
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Con su esposa, Pedro tuvo varios hijos:
Manrique Pérez de Lara[10] , (m. 1164) que heredó la jefatura de la casa de Lara y fue el magnate más poderoso de su tiempo. Álvaro Pérez de Lara (m. 1172),[11] conde, esposo de Mencía López de Haro, hija del conde Lope Díaz I de Haro, señor de Vizcaya. Después de enviudar, Mencía fue abadesa del monasterio de San Andrés de Arroyo Nuño Pérez de Lara (m. 1177)[12] , conde, esposo de Teresa Fernández de Traba quien después casó con el rey Fernando II de León. Rodrigo Pérez de Lara [13] En algún momento antes de 1165 Rodrigo se convirtió en el prior de la fundación cluniacense de San Salvador de Nogal, el único caso conocido de un varón de la aristocracia castellana que fue religioso en el siglo XII.[14] María Pérez de Lara [15] , quien se casó con Pedro Fernández de Castro, primer maestre de la Orden de Santiago. Milia Pérez de Lara[n. 5] [16] , condesa por su matrimonio con el conde Gómez González de Manzanedo.
Notas
«El conde Gómez González de Manzanedo no puede ser hijo del conde Gonzalo Roiz de Bureba por razón cronológica: Gómez es más joven que Gonzalo en unos 10 años. El primero nació c. 1120 y el segundo c. 1130. Ambos llevan una vida casi paralela. Gómez muere en 1182, Gonzalo en 1202. El primer diploma en que aparece Gómez es de 1146, y el primero en que aparece Gonzalo es de 1149. Este es alférez de Sancho III muy joven (1149) y aquel es alférez del mismo en 1155. Gómez es conde con Alfonso VIII en 1170, Gonzalo en 1174. Los dos aparecen juntos en muchos diplomas, como indicando que ambos son primos carnales. Y en torno suyo aparecen también sus parientes: los Cevallos, Pedro González y Rodrigo González. Este es alférez de Alfonso VIII en 1161, posiblemente estos son hermanos de Gómez.» Cfr. Canal Sánchez-Pagín (2003), p. 57
Bibliografía
Canal Sánchez-Pagín, José María (2003). «El conde Gómez de Candespina: su historia y su familia». Anuario de Estudios Medievales (33). ISSN 0066-5061.
Estepa Díez, Carlos (2006). «Frontera, nobleza y señoríos en Castilla: el señorío de Molina (siglosXII-XIII)». Studia histórica. Historia medieval (Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca) (24): 15-86. ISSN 0213-2060.
Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (1997). El Monasterio de Fresdelval, el Castillo de Sotopalacios y la Merindad y Valle de de Ubierna. Burgos: Caja de Burgos, Área de Cultura. ISBN 84-87152-39-2.
Sánchez de Mora, Antonio (1998). «Aproximación al estudio de la nobleza castellana: Los llamados Salvadores-Manzanedo y sus relaciones con el linaje de Lara (ss.XI-XIII)». Medievalismo: Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Estudios Medievales (8): 35-64. ISSN 1131-8155. Archivado desde el original el 3 de marzo de 2016. Consultado el 29 de mayo de 2013.
Sánchez de Mora, Antonio (2003). La nobleza castellana en la plena Edad Media: el linaje de Lara. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Sevilla.
Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, Margarita Cecilia (1999). Linajes nobiliarios de León y Castilla: Siglos IX-XIII. Salamanca: Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de educación y cultura. ISBN 84-7846-781-5.
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https://www.geni.com/people/G%C3%B3mez-Gonz%C3%A1lez-de-Manzanedo-y-de-Alexir-III-Se%C3%B1or-de-Manzanedo/6000000003827564447?through=6000000072984858972
Esposo de: Milia Pérez de Lara and Mayor Manrique de Lara
Padre de Manrique Gómez de Manzanedo y Manrique de Lara; Inés Gómez de Manzanedo; Gil Gómez de Manzanedo; Jimena Gómez de Manzanedo; Diego Gómez de Manzanedo; Pedro Gómez de Manzanedo and Mafalda Gómez de Mançanedo
Hermano de: Elvira González de Manzanedo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B3mez_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Manzanedo
Gómez González de Manzanedo (died 12 October 1182) was a Castilian magnate who governed Calahorra and defended the border with Navarre in the 1150s and 1160s. He spent three periods in the neighbouring Kingdom of León.
Gómez's parentage is unknown, other than that his patronymic indicates his father was named Gonzalo. The longstanding reconstruction making him son of Gonzalo Ruiz of La Bureba is unlikely on chronological grounds (Gonzalo outlived him by twenty-three years). He may have been the son of Gonzalo Gómez, uncle of Gonzalo Ruiz and son of count Gómez González de Candespina.[1] Sometime before May 1162 Gómez married Amilia (Milia/Melia) Pérez, daughter of Pedro González de Lara and Eva.[2] His wife was still living in May 1182, months before his own death. Their children were Diego, Elvira, Gil, Gonzalo, Inés, Juan, Manrique, and Jimena, who married Pedro Fernández de Castro.[3]
Gómez is first mentioned in a document of 9 November 1148, during the reign of Alfonso VII. In 1155 he was given the tenencia of Paredes to govern. Between June 1155 and August 1156 he served Sancho III, then ruling part of Castile from Nájera, as alférez, a post typically reserved for younger noblemen.[3] He was promoted to the office of majordomo by March 1157. After the death of Alfonso VII in August 1157, Sancho, then ruling all of Castile, appointed Gómez to govern the Liébana in northwestern Castile, which he did until 1170. In March 1158 he was appointed to govern Calahorra, an important city in eastern Castile, which he held as late as 1171.[3] In July 1158 he lost the post of majordomo and was appointed alférez again. That fall he defended Calahorra from the incursions of Sancho VI of Navarre.[4]
There is some confusion regarding Gómez's whereabouts after Sancho's death on 31 August 1158. He held the tenencia of Pernía in Castile between 1162 and 1164. After that a certain Gómez González, called castellanus ("the Castilian"), entered the service of Ferdinand II of León, whom he served as majordomo from October 1164 to July 1165. This is probably the Gómez who had served Sancho in the same capacity, but there was another Gómez González who regularly attended the court of Alfonso VIII of Castile during this same year.[3]
By October 1165 Gómez had returned to Castile, where he was granted the tenencias of Baró and Cereceda, the latter which he retained until 1169. In 1168 he was granted the tenencias of Abba Alua (unidentified), Villafranca, and Campo (held into 1172). That year he made a donation to the Knights Hospitaller.[3] By 28 December 1169 Gómez had attained the rank of count, the highest in the kingdom of Castile.[3] In 1172 he was governing the Asturias de Santillana, the eastern half of the Asturias, allocated to Castile by Alfonso VII, as well as Cervera, Mudá, and Piedras Negras. In April 1173 the former majordomo of Sancho was appointed majordomo by Alfonso, but at the time he appears to have been in Galicia, where between March and November that year he was governing Monforte de Lemos and Monterroso. He appears to have returned to León in August 1180 and remained there until March 1181. He is last mentioned in a Castilian document of 9 September 1181, over a year before his reported death. A charter from 1184 claims to record a donation of Gómez to San Salvador de Oña.[3]
Google translate of
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B3mez_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Manzanedo
Gómez González de Manzanedo (c. 1130-12 October 1182)1 was a rich Castilian man grandson of Count Gómez González of Candespina and descendant of the Counts of Castile. Ensign and then butler of King Sancho III, count of Alfonso VIII, also senior butler of Ferdinand II of León, and governor of several estates, is the genealogy of two of the most important lineages of the Middle Ages: the Manrique and the Manzanedo.
Family relationships
Count Gómez González had three sons;
one named Diego who had no descendants,
Rodrigo Gómez, father of Count Gonzalo Rodríguez de Bureba, and
Gonzalo Gómez.
The latter is the one that several modern historians and genealogists consider to be the father of Gómez González de Manzanedo.2 3
Although other medievalists thought that he was the son of Gonzalo Rodríguez de Bureba, in reality, his first cousin, this affiliation is impossible since both were contemporaries and Gómez was only ten years younger than Gonzalo.a He probably had two brothers.
Life
A member of the royal curia, Gómez appears for the first time in medieval documentation in 1146 during the reign of Sancho III of Castile of whom he was a royal ensign and then, between 1157 and 1158 his butler.6 Between 1164 and 1165 he replaced Fernando Rodríguez de Castro as butler of Fernando II of León. In the documentation of León, he appears with the nickname of "the Castilian" to differentiate him from his namesake and contemporary the Galician count Gómez González de Traba1 In 1169, back in Castile, he received the condal dignity from Alfonso VIII.7
He governed several tenures for different periods, some on his own and others shared, including Calahorra, Liébana, La Pernía, Mudá, Cervera, Villafranca, Alba, today an uninhabited near Cervera de Pisuerga, Piedras Negras, Cereceda (in Burgos), Asturias de Santillana and Castilla la Vieja that was later
He died on October 12, 1182 as stated in the obituary of the Cathedral of Burgos.1
Marriage and descent
From Count Gómez's marriage to Milia Pérez de Lara come the Manrique and the Villalobos. His wife was Milia Pérez de Lara, daughter of Pedro González de Lara and Countess Ava. Luis de Salazar y Castro and other genealogists considered her the daughter of Count Manrique Pérez de Lara, of whom she was actually a sister. Historian Gonzalo Martínez Díez has been able to clarify the true affiliation of Milia based on medieval documentation and his conclusions have been accepted by most modern historians and genealogists.1 10 11
Thus, according to Martínez Díez, the Manrique lineage does not come from Rodrigo Pérez de Lara or Molina, son of Pedro Manrique de Lara, who spent most of his life in Narbonne where he appears in the documentation until 1208 and did not participate in the events of the kingdoms of the Iberian peninsula. The traditional genealogy, accepted by genealogists such as Luis de Salazar y Castro, was the proposal by Fernán Pérez de Guzmán for whom "This line of the Manrique is one of the oldest and oldest in Castile (...) they come from Count Manrique, son of Pedro de Lara." 12 The confusion is due to the existence of two homonyms: Rodrigo Pérez de Molina mentioned above, and
Counts Gómez and Milia were parents of six children, all documented: 13
Gil Gómez (d. c. 1197) was a lieutenant in Aguilar, Asturias de Santillana, and in Castilla la Vieja. It is not known who he married, but he had a son named Pedro Gil.1 14
Jimena Gómez de Manzanedo, 14 the first wife of Pedro Fernández de Castro el Castellano.
Inés Gómez de Manzanedo (d. after 1208), married to Fernando Ruiz Duc.14 b
Diego Gómez de Manzanedo. He had a son named Ruy Díaz de la Vega, who is considered the founder of the Casa de la Vega.
Manrique Gómez de Manzanedo (m. before 1204).15 He married before 1192 with Toda Vélaz with whom he had: Gómez Manrique, master of the Order of Calatrava; Rodrigo Manrique de Lara, first lord of Amusco;15 16 Gil Manrique, husband of Teresa Fernández de Villalobos, from whom the Villalobos come; 17 and María
Pedro Gómez de Manzanedo.
Notes
a. "Cond Gómez González de Manzanedo cannot be the son of Count Gonzalo Roiz de Bureba for chronological reasons: Gómez is younger than Gonzalo in about 10 years. The first was born c. 1120 and the second c. 1130. Both lead an almost parallel life. Gómez dies in 1182, Gonzalo in 1202. The first diploma in which Gómez appears is from 1146, and the first in which Gonzalo appears is from 1149. This is Sancho III's ensign very young (1149) and that is ensign of the same in 1155. Gómez is Count with Alfonso VIII in 1170, Gonzalo in 1174. The two appear together in many diplomas, as if indicating that both are carnal cousins. And his relatives also appear around him: the Cevallos, Pedro González and Rodrigo González. This is ensign of Alfonso VIII in 1161, possibly these are Gómez's brothers." Cfr. Canal Sánchez-Pagín (2003), p. 57
b. In some genealogies he appears as the wife of William VIII of Montpellier, who is known to have married an Inés, a Castilian, but it was not this one. Inés appears in medieval documentation on several occasions, for example: in 1184 in the Monastery of Aguilar de Campo together with her husband Fernando Roiz Duc selling an inheritance in the alfoz of Aguilar; two years later in 1186 again with her husband in Santa Cruz de Valcárcel making a donation to Doña Elo and her convent; in 1195 with her son Rodrigo Fernández property located in Melgarejo. All this shows that her husband's name was Fernando Roiz and that he lived in Castile.