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Rey de Aragón (1196-1213), Conde de Barcelona (1196-1213), Señor de Montpellier (1204-1213) Pedro II el Católico de Aragón, Rey de Aragón
Enterrado/a en: Monasterio de Sijena, Huesca, Aragon, Spain
Esposo de: Countess Beatrix de Maurienne and María de Montpellier, reina de Aragón
Ex-partner of N.N.
Padre de Constança d'Aragó, baronessa d'Aitona; Pedro del Rey, padre de Lérida; Sancha d'Aragón and James I the Conqueror, King of Aragon
Hermano de: Constance of Sicily; Alphonse II Bérenger, comte de Provence; Éléonore d'Aragon, comtesse consort de Toulouse; Sancho, Infante de Aragón; Ramón Berenguer, Infante de Aragón; Sancha d'Aragon, comtesse consort de Toulouse; Fernando, Infante de Aragón and Dulce, Infanta de Aragón
Pedro II de Aragón, el Católico, rey de Aragón y conde de Barcelona entre los años 1196 y 1213, hijo del Rey Alfonso II "el Casto" de Aragón.
Renovó la infeudación de Aragón a San Pedro (que habían hecho años antes Sancho Ramírez y Pedro I), tras su coronación por el papa Inocencio III en la basílica de San Pancracio de Roma el día 4 de febrero de 1204.
Presenta el hecho resaltable de ser el primer monarca del reino que es coronado. A partir de él y por concesión de la Santa Sede por bula dictada el día 6 de junio de 1205, los monarcas aragoneses podrán coronarse, debiendo hacerlo en la Seo de Zaragoza, de manos del arzobispo de Tarragona y después de haber solicitado la corona al papa. La concesión se hizo extensiva a las reinas.
El gobierno de Pedro II es un periodo que podemos calificar de triste. Absorbido por su política internacional, tan sólo lograría recuperar alguna posición avanzada: Mora de Rubielos (1198), Manzanera (1202), Rubielos de Mora (1203), Camarena (1205), Castielfabib y Ademuz (1210). Participó en la decisiva batalla de Las Navas de Tolosa 1212 junto a castellanos y navarros.
Casado en 1204 con María de Montpellier (matrimonio forzado por intereses en el Mediodía francés), su vida familiar estuvo a punto de crear una situación de crisis sucesoria, que sin duda hubiera provocado la separación de Aragón y el condado catalán. La reina María dio un heredero, Jaime I que al menos sirvió para que la dinastía continuara en ambos territorios.
Murió el día 12 de septiembre de 1213 en Muret.
Pedro II y los albigenses [editar]
Territorios vasallos de Pedro II el Católico y aliados tolosanos por los juramentos del 27 de enero de 1213, en vísperas de la Batalla de Muret
Territorios vasallos de Pedro II el Católico y aliados tolosanos por los juramentos del 27 de enero de 1213, en vísperas de la Batalla de Muret
Los intereses de Pedro el Católico se extendían por alianzas de familia a lo que más tarde se llamaría Occitania, en el Mediodía de Francia: había casado con María, heredera del conde de Montpellier, y su hermana Leonor se había unido en matrimonio con el conde Ramón VI de Tolosa. Los territorios vasallos se extendían a Ramón-Roger Trencavel, vizconde de Beziers y Carcasona.
A finales del siglo XIII la influencia del catarismo, una religión proveniente de Europa del Este y cuyos seguidores, los cátaros, se conocieron con la denominación de albigenses en razón de su profusión en la ciudad de Albi, en los territorios del condado de Toulouse y vecinos se había afianzado en las élites y clases acomodadas, amenazando la hegemonía de la Iglesia romana y despertando al mismo tiempo, por la prosperidad de aquellas, la ambición de las baronías de Isla de Francia y aliados de la corona francesa, dispuestos a servirse de cualquier excusa para intervenir en los territorios de la Langue d'oc.
El papa Inocencio III por su parte, se mostró siempre complaciente y predispuesto hacia las empresas del rey francés con quien habría de aliarse militarmente en Bouwines y a quien encomendaría la acción de castigo contra Inglaterra; por supuesto, él mismo albergaba su propio deseo de atajar la "herejía" y reducir a sus prosélitos a la obediencia a Roma. De esta comunión de intereses surgió la cruzada contra los albigenses que el papa predicó en toda la cristiandad, especialmente en Isla de Francia, y que legitimó al monarca francés para enviar contra los territorios considerados desviacionistas por Roma, un poderoso ejército mandado por Simón de Montfort. El resultado de la guerra "relámpago" llegó tras la brutal toma de Beziers, cuya matanza se hizo célebre por la frase atribuída según las crónicas, pero luego objeto de controversia entre los especialistas, a Montfort, y el sitio de Carcasona en el verano de 1209, quedando sometidas las tierras de la familia Trencavel.
El Santo Padre, otorgó el señorío de los feudos de la familia Trencavel, que lo eran del reino aragonés, a Simón, mientras éste avanzaba hacia las posesiones del conde de Toulouse.
Más tarde, por el Concilio de Letrán (1214), el papa desposeyó a Raimundo de Tolosa y a sus herederos de sus posesiones tolosanas que entregó a Simón de Montfort, quien a su vez, puso todos los territorios conseguidos al amparo del rey de Francia. Sin embargo, Raimundo hizo valer el pacto secreto acordado con Pedro II el 27 de enero de 1213 y este, tras algunas dudas, reunió finalmente un ejército con el que se presentó ante Simón de Montfort a proximidad de Muret.
Pedro II de Aragón resultó muerto al ser rápidamente alcanzado y aislado por los caballeros franceses, causando el desorden entre las fuerzas tolosanoaragonesas. La derrota de Muret supuso el abandono de las pretensiones de la corona de Aragón sobre los territorios ultrapirenáicos y de acuerdo al historiador, Michel Roquebert, el final de la posible formación de un poderoso reino aragonés-occitano que hubiera cambiado el curso de la historia de España[1
Peter II the Catholic (Huesca, 1178[1] 12 September 1213) was the King of Aragon (as Pedro II) and Count of Barcelona (as Pere I) from 1196 to 1213.
He was the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. In 1205 he acknowledged the feudal supremacy of the Papacy and was crowned in Rome by Pope Innocent III, swearing to defend the Catholic faith (hence his surname, "the Catholic"). He was the first king of Aragon to be crowned by the Pope.
In the first decade of the thirteenth century he commissioned the Liber feudorum Ceritaniae, an illustrated codex cartulary for the counties of Cerdagne, Conflent, and Roussillon.
On June 15, 1204 he married (as her third husband) Marie of Montpellier, daughter and heiress of William VIII of Montpellier by Eudocia Comnena. She gave him a son, James, but Peter soon discarded her. Marie was popularly venerated as a saint for her piety and marital suffering, but was never canonized; she died in Rome in 1213.
He participated in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 that marked the turning point of Arab domination on the Iberian peninsula.
Peter returned from Las Navas in autumn 1212 to find that Simon de Montfort had conquered Toulouse, exiling Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who was Peter's brother-in-law and vassal. Peter crossed the Pyrenees and arrived at Muret in September 1213 to confront Montfort's army. He was accompanied by Raymond of Toulouse, who tried to persuade Peter to avoid battle and instead starve out Montfort's forces. This suggestion was rejected.
The Battle of Muret began on September 12, 1213. The Aragonese forces were disorganized and disintegrated under the assault of Montfort's squadrons. Peter himself was caught in the thick of fighting, and died as a result of a foolhardy act of bravado. He was thrown to the ground and killed. The Aragonese forces broke in panic when their king was slain and the crusaders of Montfort won the day.
Upon Peter's death the kingdom passed to his only son by Marie of Montpellier, the future James the Conqueror.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_II_of_Aragon
Peter II the Catholic (1174 12 September 1213) was the King of Aragon (as Pedro II) and Count of Barcelona (as Pere I) from 1196 to 1213.
He was the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. In 1205 he acknowledged the feudal supremacy of the Papacy and was crowned in Rome by Pope Innocent III, swearing to defend the Catholic faith (hence his surname, "the Catholic"). He was the first king of Aragon to be crowned by the Pope.
In the first decade of the thirteenth century he commissioned the Liber feudorum Ceritaniae, an illustrated codex cartulary for the counties of Cerdagne, Conflent, and Roussillon.
On June 15, 1204 he married (as her third husband) Marie of Montpellier, daughter and heiress of William VIII of Montpellier by Eudocia Comnena. She gave him a son, James, but Peter soon discarded her. Marie was popularly venerated as a saint for her piety and marital suffering, but was never canonized; she died in Rome in 1213.
He participated in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 that marked the turning point of Arab domination on the Iberian peninsula.
Peter returned from Las Navas in autumn 1212 to find that Simon de Montfort had conquered Toulouse, exiling Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who was Peter's brother-in-law and vassal. Peter crossed the Pyrenees and arrived at Muret in September 1213 to confront Montfort's army. He was accompanied by Raymond of Toulouse, who tried to persuade Peter to avoid battle and instead starve out Montfort's forces. This suggestion was rejected.
The Battle of Muret began on September 12, 1213. The Aragonese forces were disorganized and disintegrated under the assault of Montfort's squadrons. Peter himself was caught in the thick of fighting, and died as a result of a foolhardy act of bravado. He was thrown to the ground and killed. The Aragonese forces broke in panic when their king was slain and the crusaders of Montfort won the day.
Upon Peter's death the kingdom passed to his only son by Marie of Montpellier, the future James the Conqueror.
Peter II of Aragon
From Wikipedia
Peter II of Aragon (1174 September 12, 1213), surnamed the Catholic, was the king of Aragon (as Pedro II) and count of Barcelona (as Pere I) from 1196 to 1213.
He was the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. In 1205 he acknowledged the feudal supremacy of the Papacy and was crowned in Rome by Pope Innocent III, swearing to defend the Catholic faith (hence his surname, "the Catholic"). He was the first king of Aragon to be crowned by the Pope.
On June 15, 1204 he married (as her third husband) Marie of Montpellier, daughter and heiress of William VIII of Montpellier by Eudocia Comnena. She gave him a son, James, but Peter soon discarded her. Marie was popularly venerated as a saint for her piety and marital suffering, but was never canonized; she died in Rome in 1213.
He led the Christian forces to defeat the Moors at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212.
Peter returned from Las Navas in autumn 1212 to find that Simon de Montfort had conquered Toulouse, exiling Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who was Peter's brother-in-law and vassal. Peter crossed the Pyrenees and arrived at Muret in September 1213 to confront Montfort's army. He was accompanied by Raymond of Toulouse, who tried to persuade Peter to avoid battle and instead starve out Montfort's forces. This suggestion was rejected.
The Battle of Muret began on September 12, 1213. The Aragonese forces were disorganized and disintegrated under the assault of Montfort's squadrons. Peter himself was caught in the thick of fighting, and died as a result of a foolhardy act of bravado. He was thrown to the ground and killed. The Aragonese forces broke in panic when their king was slain and the crusaders of Montfort won the day.
Upon Peter's death the kingdom passed to his only son by Marie of Montpellier, the future James the Conqueror.
Peter II of Aragon (1174 September 12, 1213), surnamed the Catholic, was the king of Aragon (as Pedro II) and count of Barcelona (as Pere I) from 1196 to 1213.
He was the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. In 1205 he acknowledged the feudal supremacy of the Papacy and was crowned in Rome by Pope Innocent III, swearing to defend the Catholic faith (hence his surname, "the Catholic"). He was the first king of Aragon to be crowned by the Pope.
On June 15, 1204 he married (as her third husband) Marie of Montpellier, daughter and heiress of William VIII of Montpellier by Eudocia Comnena. She gave him a son, James, but Peter soon discarded her. Marie was popularly venerated as a saint for her piety and marital suffering, but was never canonized; she died in Rome in 1213.
He led the Christian forces to defeat the Moors at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212.
Peter returned from Las Navas in autumn 1212 to find that Simon de Montfort had conquered Toulouse, exiling Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who was Peter's brother-in-law and vassal. Peter crossed the Pyrenees and arrived at Muret in September 1213 to confront Montfort's army. He was accompanied by Raymond of Toulouse, who tried to persuade Peter to avoid battle and instead starve out Montfort's forces. This suggestion was rejected.
The Battle of Muret began on September 12, 1213. The Aragonese forces were disorganized and disintegrated under the assault of Montfort's squadrons. Peter himself was caught in the thick of fighting, and died as a result of a foolhardy act of bravado. He was thrown to the ground and killed. The Aragonese forces broke in panic when their king was slain and the crusaders of Montfort won the day.
Upon Peter's death the kingdom passed to his only son by Marie of Montpellier, the future James the Conqueror.
Peter II the Catholic (Huesca, 1178[1] 12 September 1213) was the King of Aragon (as Pedro II) and Count of Barcelona (as Pere I) from 1196 to 1213.
He was the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. In 1205 he acknowledged the feudal supremacy of the Papacy and was crowned in Rome by Pope Innocent III, swearing to defend the Catholic faith (hence his surname, "the Catholic"). He was the first king of Aragon to be crowned by the Pope.
In the first decade of the thirteenth century he commissioned the Liber feudorum Ceritaniae, an illustrated codex cartulary for the counties of Cerdagne, Conflent, and Roussillon.
On June 15, 1204 he married (as her third husband) Marie of Montpellier, daughter and heiress of William VIII of Montpellier by Eudocia Comnena. She gave him a son, James, but Peter soon discarded her. Marie was popularly venerated as a saint for her piety and marital suffering, but was never canonized; she died in Rome in 1213.
He participated in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 that marked the turning point of Arab domination on the Iberian peninsula.
Peter returned from Las Navas in autumn 1212 to find that Simon de Montfort had conquered Toulouse, exiling Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who was Peter's brother-in-law and vassal. Peter crossed the Pyrenees and arrived at Muret in September 1213 to confront Montfort's army. He was accompanied by Raymond of Toulouse, who tried to persuade Peter to avoid battle and instead starve out Montfort's forces. This suggestion was rejected.
The Battle of Muret began on September 12, 1213. The Aragonese forces were disorganized and disintegrated under the assault of Montfort's squadrons. Peter himself was caught in the thick of fighting, and died as a result of a foolhardy act of bravado. He was thrown to the ground and killed. The Aragonese forces broke in panic when their king was slain and the crusaders of Montfort won the day.
Upon Peter's death the kingdom passed to his only son by Marie of Montpellier, the future James the Conqueror.
Ancestors
Peter's ancestors in three generations Peter II of Aragon Father:
Alfonso II of Aragon Paternal Grandfather:
Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona Paternal Great-grandfather:
Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona
Paternal Great-grandmother:
Douce I of Provence
Paternal Grandmother:
Petronila of Aragon Paternal Great-grandfather:
Ramiro II of Aragon
Paternal Great-grandmother:
Agnes of Aquitaine
Madre:
Sancha of Castile Maternal Grandfather:
Alfonso VII of León and Castile Maternal Great-grandfather:
Raymond of Burgundy
Maternal Great-grandmother:
Urraca of León and Castile
Maternal Grandmother:
Richeza of Poland Maternal Great-grandfather:
Wladyslaw II the Exile
Maternal Great-grandmother:
Agnes of Babenberg
References
^ Antonio Ubieto Arteta, Creación y desarrollo de la Corona de Aragón, Zaragoza, Anubar (Historia de Aragón), 1987, págs. 187-188. ISBN 84-7013-227-X.
Sources
Sumption, Jonathan. The Albigensian Crusade. 2000.
Preceded by
Alfonso II King of Aragon,
Count of Barcelona
11961213 Succeeded by
James I
Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_II_of_Aragon
Peter II the Catholic (Huesca, 1178[1] 12 September 1213) was the King of Aragon (as Pedro II) and Count of Barcelona (as Pere I) from 1196 to 1213.
He was the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. In 1205 he acknowledged the feudal supremacy of the Papacy and was crowned in Rome by Pope Innocent III, swearing to defend the Catholic faith (hence his surname, "the Catholic"). He was the first king of Aragon to be crowned by the Pope.
In the first decade of the thirteenth century he commissioned the Liber feudorum Ceritaniae, an illustrated codex cartulary for the counties of Cerdagne, Conflent, and Roussillon.
On June 15, 1204 he married (as her third husband) Marie of Montpellier, daughter and heiress of William VIII of Montpellier by Eudocia Comnena. She gave him a son, James, but Peter soon discarded her. Marie was popularly venerated as a saint for her piety and marital suffering, but was never canonized; she died in Rome in 1213.
He participated in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 that marked the turning point of Arab domination on the Iberian peninsula.
Peter returned from Las Navas in autumn 1212 to find that Simon de Montfort had conquered Toulouse, exiling Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who was Peter's brother-in-law and vassal.[expand] Peter crossed the Pyrenees and arrived at Muret in September 1213 to confront Montfort's army. He was accompanied by Raymond of Toulouse, who tried to persuade Peter to avoid battle and instead starve out Montfort's forces. This suggestion was rejected.
The Battle of Muret began on September 12, 1213. The Aragonese forces were disorganized and disintegrated under the assault of Montfort's squadrons. Peter himself was caught in the thick of fighting, and died as a result of a foolhardy act of bravado. He was thrown to the ground and killed. The Aragonese forces broke in panic when their king was slain and the crusaders of Montfort won the day.
Upon Peter's death the kingdom passed to his only son by Marie of Montpellier, the future James the Conqueror.
Ancestry
[show]
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Ancestors of Peter II of Aragon
16. Ramon Berenguer II, Count of Barcelona
8. Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona
17. Maud of Apulia
4. Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona
18. Gilbert I, Count of Gévaudan
9. Douce I, Countess of Provence
19. Gerberga, Countess of Provence
2. Alfonso II of Aragon
20. Sancho V of Aragon and Navarre
10. Ramiro II of Aragon
21. Felicia of Roucy
5. Petronila of Aragon
22. William IX, Duke of Aquitaine
11. Agnes of Aquitaine
23. Philippa, Countess of Toulouse
1. Peter II of Aragon
24. William I, Count of Burgundy
12. Raymond of Burgundy
25. Etiennete
6. Alfonso VII of León and Castile
26. Alfonso VI of León and Castile
13. Urraca of León and Castile
27. Constance of Burgundy
3. Sancha of Castile
28. Boleslaw III Wrymouth
14. Wladyslaw II the Exile
29. Zbyslava of Kiev
7. Richeza of Castile
30. Leopold III, Margrave of Austria
15. Agnes of Babenberg
31. Agnes of Germany
References
1. ^ Antonio Ubieto Arteta, Creación y desarrollo de la Corona de Aragón, Zaragoza, Anubar (Historia de Aragón), 1987, págs. 187-188. ISBN 84-7013-227-X.
Sources
* Sumption, Jonathan. The Albigensian Crusade. 2000.
Preceded by
Alfonso II King of Aragon,
Count of Barcelona
11961213 Succeeded by
James I
[show]
v d e
Infantes of Aragon
Peter II of Aragon (1174 September 12, 1213), surnamed the Catholic, was the king of Aragon (as Pedro II) and count of Barcelona (as Pere I) from 1196 to 1213.
He was the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. In 1205 he acknowledged the feudal supremacy of the Papacy and was crowned in Rome by Pope Innocent III, swearing to defend the Catholic faith (hence his surname, "the Catholic"). He was the first king of Aragon to be crowned by the Pope.
On June 15, 1204 he married (as her third husband) Marie of Montpellier, daughter and heiress of William VIII of Montpellier by Eudocia Comnena. She gave him a son, James, but Peter soon discarded her. Marie was popularly venerated as a saint for her piety and marital suffering, but was never canonized; she died in Rome in 1213.
He led the Christian forces to defeat the Moors at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212.
Peter returned from Las Navas in autumn 1212 to find that Simon de Montfort had conquered Toulouse, exiling Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, who was Peter's brother-in-law and vassal. Peter crossed the Pyrenees and arrived at Muret in September 1213 to confront Montfort's army. He was accompanied by Raymond of Toulouse, who tried to persuade Peter to avoid battle and instead starve out Montfort's forces. This suggestion was rejected.
The Battle of Muret began on September 12, 1213. The Aragonese forces were disorganized and disintegrated under the assault of Montfort's squadrons. Peter himself was caught in the thick of fighting, and died as a result of a foolhardy act of bravado. He was thrown to the ground and killed. The Aragonese forces broke in panic when their king was slain and the crusaders of Montfort won the day.
Upon Peter's death the kingdom passed to his only son by Marie of Montpellier, the future James the Conqueror.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_II_of_Aragon
Afonso II de Aragão repartira em testamento os seus domínios pelos seus dois filhos Pedro e Afonso. O primeiro herdou a Coroa de Aragão (Aragão, Catalunha e territórios dependentes), e a Provença foi herdada por Afonso II da Provença.
Afresco do século XIII representando o papa Inocêncio IIIO acto por que Pedro II é mais famoso é a renovação da vassalagem de Aragão ao trono de S. Pedro, tal como antes o tinham feito Sancho Ramires e Pedro I. De facto, foi o primeiro monarca deste reino a ser coroado pelo papado, na igreja de S. Pancrácio em Roma a 4 de Fevereiro de 1204.
A partir do seu reinado, e por bula papal de 6 de Junho de 1205, os monarcas aragoneses passaram a poder ser coroados pela Santa Sé, devendo fazê-lo na sé de Saragoça pelo arcebispo de Tarragona, depois de solicitar a coroa ao papa. Esta concessão foi extensiva a rainhas. Por este renovar de relações com a Igreja, foi cognominado de o Católico.
https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/G4F8-WLP